What is the consequence of water being very hard (greater than 10.5 gpg)?

When water is classified as very hard, defined as having a hardness greater than 10.5 grains per gallon (gpg), it is primarily due to high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. This level of hardness can lead to significant issues in both water treatment and household plumbing systems. One of the primary consequences of hard water is the formation of scale, which is a hard, chalky buildup that occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate out of the water and accumulate on surfaces.

Scaling can create several challenges, including reduced efficiency in heating elements like those found in water heaters, as well as increased wear and tear on pipes and appliances. This can lead to higher maintenance costs and potentially premature failure of equipment. Additionally, if scaling occurs within water treatment facilities, it can interfere with various processes, complicating water treatment and requiring more frequent cleaning and maintenance to remove the deposits.

Therefore, the statement that very hard water can lead to scaling and equipment damage accurately captures the direct impact of high mineral content in water, making it the correct choice in this context.