What does 'head' refer to in the context of pumping?

In the context of pumping, 'head' specifically refers to the pressure against which a pump operates, expressed in units of height (usually feet or meters of fluid). It is a measure of the energy required for a pump to move water through a system and is crucial for evaluating how effectively a pump can transport fluid from one location to another.

Head takes into account not just the vertical lift that the pump must overcome, but also the friction losses, any changes in direction, and the elevation changes in the system. In other words, it helps determine the pump's performance and efficiency in moving water against resistance created by pipes, fittings, and other components in the water delivery system.

Understanding 'head' is essential for water operators because it directly impacts the selection of appropriate pumps for specific applications and ensures that the system operates efficiently with adequate pressure to supply water where needed.